An Effect of Individual Characteristics and Work Environment on Employee Motivation and Performance
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Abstract
The role of HR is increasing is important when viewed from the supply and demand side of the labor market, where human capital is the level of compatibility between demand and supply of labor with the quality and quantity of HR itself. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of individual characteristics and work environment on employee motivation and performance, and to determine the effect of employee motivation intervening on individual characteristics and work environment on performance. This study uses quantitative methods with the aim of testing hypotheses with the object of this research being all employees of PT. Merapi Utama Pharma Medan Branch, which is located at Jalan Tapian Nauli Pasar 1 No. 5 districts. Sunggal, Kel. Medan Sunggal, Medan 20138 with 76 employees consisting of marketing staff and administrative staff. This company is engaged in pharmaceutical wholesalers whose products are in the form of services in the distribution of medical devices, medicines, infusion fluids and equipment, as well as health food. PT. Merapi Utama Pharma distributes goods from the company or commonly called Principal to hospitals, pharmacies, outlets, supermarkets and mini markets. The data collection technique used a census because the total population was only 76 people. Hypothesis testing using path analysis. The results showed that individual characteristics had a significant effect on employee motivation and performance, the work environment had a significant effect on employee motivation but had no significant effect on performance. The test results show that employee motivation variables mediate the effect of individual characteristics and work environment on performance. This study updates the motivation variable as an intervening variable between individual characteristics variables, performance variables, research locations, and variable relationship models. The limitations of this study include the number of samples which are only 76 subjectivities. In addition, the re-examination should be conducted again in a different place with a larger sample.
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Prasetyo Rizky Putra, Rindi Andika, & Hasrul Azwar Hasibuan. (2022). An Effect of Individual Characteristics and Work Environment on Employee Motivation and Performance. SIASAT, 7(4), 297-311. https://doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v7i3.133
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References
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Hamid, NZA, & Hassan, N. (2015). The Relationship Between Workplace Environment and Job Performance in Selected Government Offices in Shah Alam, Selangor. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4, 3. Retrieved from www.irmbrjournal.com
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Jain, N., & Bhatt, P. (2015). Employment preferences of job applicants: unfolding employer branding determinants. Journal of Management Development, 34(6), 634–652. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2013-0106
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Oetomo, HW (2016). The Leadership Style as Moderating, Influence of Compensation, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Stress towards Intention to Quit. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 1(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2016-11002
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Papilaya, J., Tuakora, P., & Rijal, M. (2019). Compensation, transparency, and motivation effects on the performance of junior high school teachers in Western Seram, Indonesia. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 439–458. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12327a
Rahmawanti, NP, Swasto, B., & Prasetya, A. (2014). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance (Study on Employees of the Pratama Tax Office, North Malang. Journal of Business Administration (JAB), 8(2). Retrieved from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/80175-ID-unjuk -work-environment-against-kiner.pdf
Rismayadi, B., & Maemunah, M. (2016). The Influence of Work Motivation, Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Company Performance (Case Study at PT. Concord Indonesia). Journal of Management & Creative Business, 2(1), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.36805/manajemen.v2i1.181
Robbins, SP (1990). Organization theory : structure, design, and applications (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall International.
Robbins, SP, & Judge, TA (2015). Organizational behavior (16th ed.; F. Sirait, Ed.). Jakarta: Four Salemba.
Sabella, AR, & Analoui, F. (2015). Managerial training and development in telecommunication organizations in Palestine. Journal of Management Development, 34(6), 685–703. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-08-2014-0083
Samson, GN, Waiganjo, M., & Koima, J. (2015). Effect of Workplace Environment on the Performance of Commercial Banks Employees in Nakuru Town. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR), 3(12), 76–89. Retrieved from www.arcjournals.org
Scott, D., Bishop, JW, & Chen, X. (2003). AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT WITH JOB SATISFACTION, EMPLOYEE COOPERATION, AND INTENTION TO QUIT IN US INVESTED ENTERPRISE IN CHINA. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028960
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Silahtaroglu, G., & Vardarlier, P. (2016). Leaders Impact on Organizational Behavior: A Text Mining Study on Universities in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.2.1005-2
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Yusof, H. Sakina M., Munap, R., Badrillah, MIM, Hamid, NRA, & Khir, RM (2017). The relationship between organizational culture and employee motivation as moderated by work attitude. Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 3(1), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.20474/jabs-3.1.3
Augustsson, G., Ekelund-Book, T., & Landstad, BJ (2017). Utilization of Consultant Doctors' Competence and Impact on Perceived Psychosocial Work Environment: A Pilot Study. Health, 9(1), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2017.91013
Daniels, K., Watson, D., & Gedikli, C. (2017). Well-Being and the Social Environment of Work: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080918
Dewi, P., Fikri, K., & Fitrio, T. (2019). The Effect of Work Motivation on Employees' Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction at Pt. Bank Rakyat Indonesia TBK Rengat Branch Office. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 7(9), 1344–1358. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v7i9.em04
Fogaça, N., Rego, MCB, Melo, MCC, Armond, LP, & Coelho, FA (2018). Job Performance Analysis: Scientific Studies in the Main Journals of Management and Psychology from 2006 to 2015. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 30(4), 231–247. https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.21248
Hamalik, O. (2007). Integrated approach to employment training management: human resource development. Jakarta: PT. Earth Literature.
Hamid, NZA, & Hassan, N. (2015). The Relationship Between Workplace Environment and Job Performance in Selected Government Offices in Shah Alam, Selangor. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4, 3. Retrieved from www.irmbrjournal.com
Haynes, BP (2008). An evaluation of the impact of the office environment on productivity. Facilities, 26(5/6), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.1108/02632770810864970
Jain, N., & Bhatt, P. (2015). Employment preferences of job applicants: unfolding employer branding determinants. Journal of Management Development, 34(6), 634–652. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2013-0106
Jayaweera, T. (2015). Impact of Work Environmental Factors on Job Performance, Mediating Role of Work Motivation: A Study of Hotel Sector in England. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(3), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n3p271
Kuswati, Y. (2020). The Effect of Motivation on Employee Performance. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 995–1002. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.928
Kyko, OC (2005). Instrumentation: Know Yourself and Others. New York: Longman.
Locke, EA, Latham, GP, & Erez, M. (1988). The Determinants of Goal Commitment. Academy of Management Review, 13(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1988.4306771
Lucas, RE (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
Luthans, F. (2015). Organizational behavior. Yogyakarta: PT. Andi Publisher.
Mathis, RL, & Jackson, JH (2006). Human Resource Management (10th ed.; D. Angelica, Ed.). Jakarta: Four Salemba.
Michie, S., & West, MA (2004). Managing people and performance: an evidence based framework applied to health service organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews, 5–6(2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-8545.2004.00098.x
Mohammed, MAH (2017). The Impact Of Organizational Culture On Job Performance Among Employees Of The College Of Administrative Sciences At Najran University. Global Journal Of Human Resource Management, 5(3), 1–14. Retrieved from https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Impact-of-Organizational-Culture-on-Job-Performance.pdf
Moulana, F., & Sunuharyo, Bambang Swasto Utami, HN (2015). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance Through Mediator Variables of Work Motivation (Study on Employees of PT. Telkom Indonesia, Tbk Witel South Java, Jalan A. Yani, Malang). Journal of Business Administration (JAB), 44(1), 178–185. Retrieved from https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/87793/elektron-kerja-terhadap-kinerja-karyawan-via-variabel-mediator-mo
Musriha. (2011). Influences of Work Behavior, Work Environment, and Motivation in Clove Cigarette Factories in Kudus, Indonesia. Academic Research International. Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 1(3), 303–314. Retrieved from http://www.savap.org.pk/journals/ARInt./Vol.1(3)/2011(1.3-31).pdf
Myszkowski, N., Storme, M., Davila, A., & Lubart, T. (2015). Managerial creative problem solving and the Big Five personality traits. Journal of Management Development, 34(6), 674–684. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2013-0160
Naharuddin, NM, & Sadegi, M. (2013). Factors of Workplace Environment that Affect Employees Performance: A Case Study of Miyazu Malaysia. International Journal of Independent …, 2(2), 66–78. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2290214
Narasuci, W., Setiawan, M., & Noermijati, N. (2018). EFFECT OF WORK ENVIRONMENT ON LECTURER PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY WORK MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION. Journal of Management Applications, 16(4), 645–653. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2018.016.04.11
Niati, D. R., Siregar, Z. M. E., & Prayoga, Y. (2021). The Effect of Training on Work Performance and Career Development: The Role of Motivation as Intervening Variable. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 2385–2393. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1940
Oetomo, HW (2016). The Leadership Style as Moderating, Influence of Compensation, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Stress towards Intention to Quit. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 1(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.24088/IJBEA-2016-11002
Opperman, CS (2002). Tropical business issues. Retrieved from www.pricewaterhousecoopers//zambiaeconomists%0A.com.
Papilaya, J., Tuakora, P., & Rijal, M. (2019). Compensation, transparency, and motivation effects on the performance of junior high school teachers in Western Seram, Indonesia. International Journal of Instruction, 12(3), 439–458. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12327a
Rahmawanti, NP, Swasto, B., & Prasetya, A. (2014). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance (Study on Employees of the Pratama Tax Office, North Malang. Journal of Business Administration (JAB), 8(2). Retrieved from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/80175-ID-unjuk -work-environment-against-kiner.pdf
Rismayadi, B., & Maemunah, M. (2016). The Influence of Work Motivation, Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Job Satisfaction and Its Impact on Company Performance (Case Study at PT. Concord Indonesia). Journal of Management & Creative Business, 2(1), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.36805/manajemen.v2i1.181
Robbins, SP (1990). Organization theory : structure, design, and applications (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall International.
Robbins, SP, & Judge, TA (2015). Organizational behavior (16th ed.; F. Sirait, Ed.). Jakarta: Four Salemba.
Sabella, AR, & Analoui, F. (2015). Managerial training and development in telecommunication organizations in Palestine. Journal of Management Development, 34(6), 685–703. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-08-2014-0083
Samson, GN, Waiganjo, M., & Koima, J. (2015). Effect of Workplace Environment on the Performance of Commercial Banks Employees in Nakuru Town. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR), 3(12), 76–89. Retrieved from www.arcjournals.org
Scott, D., Bishop, JW, & Chen, X. (2003). AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT WITH JOB SATISFACTION, EMPLOYEE COOPERATION, AND INTENTION TO QUIT IN US INVESTED ENTERPRISE IN CHINA. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028960
Shah, M. M., et al. (2020). The Development Impact of PT. Medco E & P Malaka on Economic Aspects in East Aceh Regency. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 1, Page: 276-286.
Silahtaroglu, G., & Vardarlier, P. (2016). Leaders Impact on Organizational Behavior: A Text Mining Study on Universities in Turkey. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.2.1005-2
Stoner, CR (1989). The Foundations of Business Ethics: Exploring the Relationship Between Organization Culture, Moral Values, and Actions. Advanced Management Journal, 54. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/f4002f87a09faa31cd8cf56bf748e090/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40946
Tong, YK, & Arvey, RD (2015). Managing complexity via the Competing Values Framework. Journal of Management Development, 34(6), 653–673. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-04-2014-0029
Werdhiastutie, A. et al. (2020). Achievement Motivation as Antecedents of Quality Improvement of Organizational Human Resources. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 3, No 2, Page: 747-752.
Yusof, H. Sakina M., Munap, R., Badrillah, MIM, Hamid, NRA, & Khir, RM (2017). The relationship between organizational culture and employee motivation as moderated by work attitude. Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 3(1), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.20474/jabs-3.1.3